What should a lawyer refrain from regarding criminal conduct?

The focus of the question is on the ethical obligations of a lawyer in relation to criminal conduct. A lawyer must maintain a high standard of integrity and professionalism, and this extends to their role in advising clients about legal matters, including potential criminal activities.

Refraining from encouraging criminal activity among clients is essential as it prevents a lawyer from facilitating illegal actions, which goes against ethical practice and could damage both the lawyer's reputation and the integrity of the legal profession. Similarly, assisting clients in fraudulent endeavors directly contradicts the lawyer's duty to uphold the law and act justly.

While counseling clients about the legal consequences of their actions is an important aspect of legal representation, it does not involve encouraging them to engage in illegal activities. Therefore, advising clients on the legal implications is a necessary part of a lawyer's role, as long as it does not cross the line into encouragement of criminal conduct. The correct choice indicates an understanding of this fundamental obligation, highlighting that lawyers are not only advocates but also ethical stewards of the law.